73.040 (Coals) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7582-15 用宏观热重分析法对煤和焦炭作近似分析的标准试验方法

5.1 Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180. 5.2 Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180. 5.3 Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1). Note 1: The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash. 5.4 Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems. 5.5 Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics. 5.6 Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 and the sum of the percent moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All percents shall be on the same mo......

Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis

ASTM D6543-14b 在线煤质分析仪测量评估的标准指南

5.1 Online analyzers are used to provide quality data on lots of coal. The resulting quality data are used as a production tool or for some contractual application. This guide provides the means of evaluating the analyzer system and the data produced. 5.2 Become familiar with the document's terminology and layout. The section on test design and data collection will provide the means by which all the analysis data will be gathered. The test should be carefully designed to ensure the user’s requirements are met. 5.3 The procedures defined in this guide can be used to estimate the accuracy and precision of an online analyzer, (1) to conduct acceptance testing following installation and (2) to monitor the accuracy and precision (a) during routine use (quality control), (b) when significant changes are made to the analyzer, and (c) when a significant change in the coal being analyzed occurs (e.g., a different seam at a mine, or a new coal source at a power plant). These procedures can also be used for calibration purposes. 1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers

ASTM D6543-14 在线煤炭分析仪测量结果评估的标准指南

5.1 Online analyzers are used to provide quality data on lots of coal. The resulting quality data are used as a production tool or for some contractual application. This guide provides the means of evaluating the analyzer system and the data produced. 5.2 Become familiar with the document's terminology and layout. The section on test design and data collection will provide the means by which all the analysis data will be gathered. The test should be carefully designed to ensure the user’s requirements are met. 5.3 The procedures defined in this guide can be used to estimate the accuracy and precision of an online analyzer, (1) to conduct acceptance testing following installation and (2) to monitor the accuracy and precision (a) during routine use (quality control), (b) when significant changes are made to the analyzer, and (c) when a significant change in the coal being analyzed occurs (e.g., a different seam at a mine, or a new coal source at a power plant). These procedures can also be used for calibration purposes. 1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers

ASTM D6543-14a 评估采用流线煤分析仪所得测量的标准指南

5.1 Online analyzers are used to provide quality data on lots of coal. The resulting quality data are used as a production tool or for some contractual application. This guide provides the means of evaluating the analyzer system and the data produced. 5.2 Become familiar with the document's terminology and layout. The section on test design and data collection will provide the means by which all the analysis data will be gathered. The test should be carefully designed to ensure the user’s requirements are met. 5.3 The procedures defined in this guide can be used to estimate the accuracy and precision of an online analyzer, (1) to conduct acceptance testing following installation and (2) to monitor the accuracy and precision (a) during routine use (quality control), (b) when significant changes are made to the analyzer, and (c) when a significant change in the coal being analyzed occurs (e.g., a different seam at a mine, or a new coal source at a power plant). These procedures can also be used for calibration purposes. 1.1 This guide provides techniques to be used for the evaluation of the measurement performance of online coal analyzers. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers

ASTM D5865-13 煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法

5.1 The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes. 5.2 The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels. 5.3 The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processes. 5.4 The gross calorific value can be required to classify coals according to Classification D388. 1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke by either an isoperibol or adiabatic bomb calorimeter. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D6946/D6946M-13e1 乳状精炼煤焦油(车道密封物, 随时可用, 基本住宅级)的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers mineral-colloid-stabilized, emulsified refined coal tar suitable for use as a weather-protective and petroleum (aliphatic) solvent resistant coating over bituminous concrete pavements. 1.2 Both products specified are prepackaged ready to use driveway sealers primarily for retail homeowner use. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Emulsified Refined Coal-Tar (Driveway Sealer, Ready to Use, Primarily Residential Grade)

ASTM D2799-13 煤炭中煤素质组分显微镜测定的标准试验方法

5.1 The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. 5.2 This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests. 1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired. 1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

ASTM E2243-13 露天矿土壤改良用煤燃烧产物使用的标准指南: 再造型和采矿工作面回收

4.1 Significance and Use—CCPs can be effective materials for use for reclamation of surface mines. Following are key scenarios in which CCPs may be utilized beneficially in a mined setting: Structural fill Road construction Soil modification or amendment for revegetation (5-9) Isolation of acid forming materials (5) Reduction of acid mine drainage (AMD) (5,10-15) Highwall mining (16,17) 4.1.1 These options represent most, but not all, scenarios under which CCPs would be returned to the mine. This guide discusses issues related to highwall mining and recontouring. Because of the chemical and physical characteristics of CCPs and the benefits derived from the use of CCPs in these applications, placement of CCPs in a surface mine setting qualifies as a beneficial use as defined in Terminology E2201. 4.1.2 CCPs are ideally suited for use in numerous fill applications. Structural fills and other high-volume fills are significant opportunities for placement of CCPs in mine situations for reclamation, recontouring, and stabilizing slopes. These applications are the focus of this guide. 4.1.3 Any type of CCP may be evaluated for use in mine reclamation, even fly ash with high carbon content. Project-specific testing is necessary to ensure that the CCPs selected for use on a given project will meet the project objectives. The use of CCPs can be cost effective because they are available in bulk quantities and reduce expenditures for the manufacture and purchase of borrow material, Portland cement, or quicklime. Large-scale use of CCPs for mine reclamation conserves landfill space by recycling a valuable product, provided that the CCP is environmentally and technically suitable for the desired use. 4.2 Use of CCPs for Mine Reclamation—E2201 the Standard on Fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material, and FBC ash or combinations thereof can be used for mine reclamation. Each of these materials typically exhibits general physical and chemical properties that must be considered in the design of a mine reclamation project using CCPs. The specific properties of these materials vary from source to source, so environmental and engineering performance testing is recommended for the material(s) or combinations to be used in mine reclamation projects. Guidance in evaluating the physical, engineering, and chemical properties of CCPs is given in Sections 6 and 7. 4.3 Engineering Properties and Behavior—Depending on the mine reclamation application, fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material, FBC fly ash, FBC bottom ash, or combinations thereof may have suitable an......

Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation

ASTM D2013/D2013M-12 分析用煤样品制备的标准实施规程

Other standards are used to collect the gross sample: Practice D2234/D2234M allows for one division of the gross sample before crushing. The mass and top size of the gross or divided sample collected by using these guides and practices are usually too large for chemical or physical testing. Practice D2013 provide instructions for reducing and dividing the gross or divided sample, by on-line or off-line processes, or both, to a top size and mass suitable to the performance of testing. Any bias in the gross or divided sample before adherence to this practice will remain in the final sample resulting from use of this practice. Therefore, carefully select the standard to be used to collect the gross sample. Division and reduction of a sample may occur at more than one location. Most often, the sample is collected, reduced, and divided (one or more times) by use of a mechanical sampling system. The remaining sample may be further divided on-site to facilitate transporting it to the laboratory where further reduction and division likely occurs before analysis. In places, this practice requires air drying the sample before subsequent reduction. Procedures for air drying and air-dry loss determination are provided in Test Method D3302. Most often, samples are reduced and divided to an analysis sample. However, some tests may require a sample of different mass or top size. This procedure may be used to provide a sample of any mass and size consist from the gross or divided sample to, and including, the analysis sample. This practice also specifies how to prepare composite samples, if required.1.1 This practice covers the reduction and division of gross or divided samples, and the preparation of composite samples, up to and including the individual portions for laboratory analysis. 1.2 Reduction and division procedures are prescribed for coals of the following groups: 1.2.1 Group A includes coals that have been cleaned in all sizes. 1.2.2 Group B includes all other coals. Unknown coals are to be considered under Group B. 1.2.3 Group A allows smaller weight laboratory samples to be retained than Group B. These lower weights may be used for particular coals if they have been shown, by using the procedures of Annex A1.2, to give a sample preparation and analysis variance which is no more than 20 % of the total analysis variance. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis

ASTM D2799-12 煤炭中煤素质组分显微镜测定的标准试验方法

5.1 The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. 5.2 This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests. 1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired. 1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

ASTM D5865-12 煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke by either an isoperibol or adiabatic bomb calorimeter. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D7582-12 用宏观热重分析法对煤和焦炭作近似分析的标准试验方法

5. Significance and UseTop Bottom 5.1 Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180. 5.2 Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180. 5.3 Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1).Note 1???The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash. 5.4 Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems. 5.5 Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics. 5.6 Fixed carbon is ...........

Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis

ASTM D409/D409M-12 用哈氏机器法测定煤炭易磨性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)]. 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 ?? 0.60 mm (No. 168201;??8201;30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

ASTM D5865-11a 煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法

The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes. The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels. The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processes. The gross calorific value can be required to classify coals according to Classification D388.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D2013/D2013M-11 分析用煤样品制备的标准操作规程

Other standards are used to collect the gross sample: Practice D2234/D2234M allows for one division of the gross sample before crushing. The mass and top size of the gross or divided sample collected by using these guides and practices are usually too large for chemical or physical testing. Practice D2013 provide instructions for reducing and dividing the gross or divided sample, by on-line or off-line processes, or both, to a top size and mass suitable to the performance of testing. Any bias in the gross or divided sample before adherence to this practice will remain in the final sample resulting from use of this practice. Therefore, carefully select the standard to be used to collect the gross sample. Division and reduction of a sample may occur at more than one location. Most often, the sample is collected, reduced, and divided (one or more times) by use of a mechanical sampling system. The remaining sample may be further divided on-site to facilitate transporting it to the laboratory where further reduction and division likely occurs before analysis. In places, this practice requires air drying the sample before subsequent reduction. Procedures for air drying and air-dry loss determination are provided in Test Method D3302. Most often, samples are reduced and divided to an analysis sample. However, some tests may require a sample of different mass or top size. This procedure may be used to provide a sample of any mass and size consist from the gross or divided sample to, and including, the analysis sample. This practice also specifies how to prepare composite samples, if required.1.1 This practice covers the reduction and division of gross or divided samples, and the preparation of composite samples, up to and including the individual portions for laboratory analysis. 1.2 Reduction and division procedures are prescribed for coals of the following groups: 1.2.1 Group A includes coals that have been cleaned in all sizes. 1.2.2 Group B includes all other coals. Unknown coals are to be considered under Group B. 1.2.3 Group A allows smaller weight laboratory samples to be retained than Group B. These lower weights may be used for particular coals if they have been shown, by using the procedures of Annex A1.2, to give a sample preparation and analysis variance which is no more than 20 % of the total analysis variance. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A1.1.1 This method covers procedures for checking precision of sample preparation and analysis of the various stages. The data obtained from tests using consistent sample preparation and analysis method are used to estimate the random errors in the various stages of sample division and analysis. A1.1.2 Coals used in each series of tests should be of similar ash content. A2.1.1 Legitimate estimates of the variance of divisi......

Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis

ASTM D5865-11 煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法

The gross calorific value can be used to compute the total calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke represented by the sample for payment purposes. The gross calorific value can be used for computing the calorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether the coal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels. The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of beneficiation processes. The gross calorific value can be required to classify coals according to Classification D388.

Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke

ASTM D409/D409M-11a 粉碎机法测定煤炭可磨性的标准试验方法

This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process, which can impact a wide variety of processes, including combustion, coke-making, liquefaction, and gasification.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)]. 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 × 0.60 mm (No. 16 × 30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method

ASTM D2799-11 煤炭中的煤素质组分的显微镜检验的标准试验方法

The volume percent of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes. This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests. 1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume percent of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired. 1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

ASTM D2797/D2797M-11a 通过反射光对制备的煤样品的显微分析标准操作规程

Briquets of granular bituminous coals and anthracite prepared in accordance with the laboratory procedures of this practice will have flat, scratch-free surfaces suitable for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. The polished surfaces of briquettes prepared by this practice will contain particles representative of the original gross sample. Samples prepared by this practice are used for microscopical determination of the reflectance of the organic components in a polished specimen of coal (Test Method D2798) and for microscopical determination of the volume percent of physical components of coal (Test Method D2799).1.1 This practice covers laboratory procedures for the preparation of granular samples of bituminous coal and anthracite samples for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. It does not apply to the preparation of oriented blocks of coal. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light

ASTM D409/D409M-11ae1 用哈氏机器法测定煤炭易磨性的标准试验方法

This test method develops a measurement of grinding or pulverizing characteristics that can be used to evaluate the yield, or energy input, or both, required in a grinding or pulverizing process, which can impact a wide variety of processes, including combustion, coke-making, liquefaction, and gasification.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative grindability or ease of pulverization of coals in comparison with coals chosen as standards. A prepared and sized sample receives a definite amount of grinding energy in a miniature pulverizer, and the size consist of the pulverized product is determined by sieving. The resultant size consist is used to produce an index relative to the ease of grinding [Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)]. 1.1.1 Some coals, such as some high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals, can undergo physical change as the natural or seam moisture is released during handling and preparation. This change is often sufficient to alter the grindability characteristics that will be reported when tested in the laboratory and could produce different indices dependent on the conditions of drying and the moisture level of the 1.18 × 0.60 mm (No. 16 × 30) (see Test Method D4749) materials used for the test. Therefore, the repeatability and reproducibility cited in this test method may not apply for these high-volatile bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method